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The city occupies most of the southern Kanto plain, the largest area of flat land in Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan since 1868, after the Tokugawa dynasty (1603-1867), who led from Kyoto, was dethroned. Then the city name was changed from Edo in Tokyo, which means "Eastern Capital". Today Tokyo is the financial, industrial, commercial, educational and cultural center of Japan, and is also the main point for trade and diplomatic relations with the rest of the world. Technically there is no city called Tokyo, because the name was removed in government reorganization in 1943.

However Tokyo is a special administrative unit similar to a prefecture, the largest unit of local government in Japan. It is correctly called Tokyo- to or Tokyo Metropolis and consists of 23 special districts, 33 towns and 8 suburbs. Tokyo metropolis occupies an area of approximately 2180 km2. In downtown the Imperial Palace is located. South and west of it are the most important government buildings like the Supreme Court, national ministries.

More southern is Tokyo Tower which is 333m high. East from the Imperial Palace is the Marunouchi district, the largest business center. Eastern from it is the most important commercial center. North from the Imperial Palace is located Jimbocho, a neighborhood with many libraries. Tokyo Dome is located north from this district and it is a modern sports and concert hall.

Economy and Transport
Tokyo has a very large economy including trade, finance, insurance, manufacturing, transport, etc. The largest industrial complex in Japan is the Keihin Industrial Region, which is located between Tokyo and Yokohama. In Tokyo, printing and publishing are in first place in the manufacturing industries, with a rate of 20%. The port of Tokyo has expanded rapidly in recent years, reaching now to be ranked 2 in Japan in terms of trade value (after Yokohama).

The first railway in Tokyo and also in Japan was built in 1872, between the city and the port of Yokohama. A railroad known as the "bullet train" (due to the speed and shape of the locomotive) was inaugurated in 1964. Most streets in Tokyo have historical value and are narrow, which makes them unsuitable for cars. The largest airport in Tokyo is Narita Airport. Over 20 million passengers use this airport every year. Tokyo is the center of media and communications of Japan. Tokyo in 1990 was the city with the most telephone lines in the world.

Population
Tokyo is the largest urban area in the world, with over 27 million inhabitants. In the metropolis the population density is 5443 inhabitants/square kilometers and in the 23 districts instead of 13,000 / km2, while in Japan the population density is 328 inhabitants/ square kilometers. The problems that arise due to crowd are traffic jams, high prices for places to rent, noise and pollution of air, etc.

Because it is the capital city and the commercial center of the country, Tokyo attracts migrants from all over the country. In particular they are young to come to college or university, and often stay to work. In Tokyo are a large number of foreign immigrants, especially from Korea, China, USA and Philippines.

Education and culture
Tokyo is the largest educational and cultural center of Japan. In Tokyo there are over 100 universities, which teach 30% of students. In the capital there is the National Museum (the largest in the country), specialized in traditional Japanese art, the Museum of Science, the Museum of Modern Art, etc.

The cultural life in Tokyo includes many festivals and holidays. The city has numerous theaters where are played both traditional Japanese songs and modern songs. Some symphonic orchestra and many smaller music organizations perform both Japanese traditional music and western music. Another major attraction in Tokyo is the amusement park.

History
Tokyo city appeared for the first time in history in the 12th century, being a village called Edo, located in the area where the river Sumira flows in the Tokyo Bay; the city has not had too much importance until 1650, when it was conquered by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Until the 18th century Edo became an important commercial, cultural and political center.

In 1868 the imperial court was transferred to Edo the name of the town being changed to Tokyo. Tokyo has often been hit by destructive earthquakes and fires, of which most occurred in 1923 when over 100,000 people have died and people were destroyed over 200,000 buildings, several parks. During the Second World War, Tokyo had major damage. Air raids between November 1944 and August 1945 destroyed large parts of the city. Tokyo was occupied by U.S. troops from September 1945 until April 1952.

From 1954 followed a period of rapid expansion and restoration of the city. In 1964 in Tokyo took place the summer Olympic Games, and on this occasion many city improvements have been made: several streets, hotels, railway suspended to Haneda Airport were built, as well as facilities for sports competitions. From 1970 Tokyo continued the rapid expansion of the urbanized area. Also, the government initiates projects designed to transform the town into an international metropolis.

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Japan – Tokyo